Managing Initialization Parameters Using a Server Parameter File

Initialization parameters for the Oracle Database have traditionally been stored in a text initialization parameter file. For better manageability, you can choose to maintain initialization parameters in a binary server parameter file that is persistent across database startup and shutdown.

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• What Is a Server Parameter File?
  A server parameter file can be thought of as a repository for initialization parameters that is maintained on the system running the Oracle Database server. It is, by design, a server-side initialization parameter file.
• Migrating to a Server Parameter File
  If you are currently using a text initialization parameter file, then you can migrate to a server parameter file.
• Server Parameter File Default Names and Locations
  Oracle recommends that you allow the database to give the SPFILE the default name and store it in the default location. This eases administration of your database. For example, the STARTUP command assumes this default location to read the SPFILE.

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• Creating a Server Parameter File
  You use the CREATE SPFILE statement to create a server parameter file. You must have the SYSDBA, SYSOPER, or SYSBACKUP administrative privilege to execute this statement.
• The SPFILE Initialization Parameter
  The SPFILE initialization parameter contains the name of the current server parameter file.
• Changing Initialization Parameter Values
  You can change initialization parameter values to affect the operation of a database instance.
• Clearing Initialization Parameter Values
  You can use the ALTER SYSTEM RESET statement to clear an initialization parameter value. When you do so, the initialization parameter value is changed to its default value or its startup value.

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• Exporting the Server Parameter File
  You can use the CREATE PFILE statement to export a server parameter file (SPFILE) to a text initialization parameter file.
• Backing Up the Server Parameter File
  You can create a backup of your server parameter file (SPFILE) by exporting it. If the backup and recovery strategy for your database is implemented using Recovery Manager (RMAN), then you can use RMAN to create a backup of the SPFILE. The SPFILE is backed up automatically by RMAN when you back up your database, but RMAN also enables you to specifically create a backup of the currently active SPFILE.
• Recovering a Lost or Damaged Server Parameter File
  You can recover the server parameter file (SPFILE). If your server parameter file (SPFILE) becomes lost or corrupted, then the current instance may fail, or the next attempt at starting the database instance may fail.
• Methods for Viewing Parameter Settings
  You can view parameter settings using several different methods.

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