Specifying Initialization Parameters

You can add or edit basic initialization parameters before you create your new database.

About Initialization Parameters and Initialization Parameter Files
When an Oracle instance starts, it reads initialization parameters from an initialization parameter file. This file must at a minimum specify the DB_NAME parameter. All other parameters have default values.
Determining the Global Database Name
The global database name consists of the user-specified local database name and the location of the database within a network structure.
Specifying a Fast Recovery Area
The Fast Recovery Area is a location in which Oracle Database can store and manage files related to backup and recovery. It is distinct from the database area, which is a location for the current database files (data files, control files, and online redo logs).

Specifying Control Files
Every database has a control file, which contains entries that describe the structure of the database (such as its name, the timestamp of its creation, and the names and locations of its data files and redo files). The CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter specifies one or more names of control files, separated by commas.
Specifying Database Block Sizes
The DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter specifies the standard block size for the database.
Specifying the Maximum Number of Processes
The PROCESSES initialization parameter determines the maximum number of operating system processes that can be connected to Oracle Database concurrently.
Specifying the DDL Lock Timeout
You can specify the amount of time that blocking DDL statements wait for locks.

Specifying the Method of Undo Space Management
Every Oracle Database must have a method of maintaining information that is used to undo changes to the database. Such information consists of records of the actions of transactions, primarily before they are committed. Collectively these records are called undo data.
Specifying the Database Compatibility Level
The COMPATIBLE initialization parameter controls the database compatibility level.
Setting the License Parameter
If you use named user licensing, Oracle Database can help you enforce this form of licensing. You can set a limit on the number of users created in the database. Once this limit is reached, you cannot create more users.

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